Anthony Ryle was an English medical doctor and the developer of Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) as well as Life President of The Association for Cognitive Analytic Therapy.

He was the nephew of philosopher Gilbert Ryle.

He studied at Oxford and University College Hospital, qualified in medicine in 1949. He worked as a General Practitioner in North London, then directed the University of Sussex Health service, and later worked as a Consultant Psychotherapist in St. Thomas' Hospital, London, from 1983 to 1992.

While in general practice he realised that a lot of his patients were presenting with psychological problems or distress, which he confirmed by epidemiological studies. He developed interest in psychotherapy and later developed a time limited therapy which can be offered in the UK's National Health Service. This type of therapy is known as cognitive analytic therapy.