The book is an outcome of researches on labour conditions and relations in Indian agriculture carried out during the years 1975 to 1981 by the author. It is felt that a concrete study of the agriculture labour class which constitutes a major category in realtion to the other agrarian class categories would be u seful for an understanding of the class dynamics vis-a-vis the problems of poverty and inequality in India's rural society. The studies presented here reveal that certain widely accepted ideas regarding the role of labour in agriculture do not stand critical empirical scrutiny. The present effort attempts a positive approach towards the building up of new analytical frameworks designed to tackle many of the problems in the analysis of labour conditions and relations. It is hoped that the book will be found useful for teaching at higher levels of university education where agricultural economics is taught as a subject of specialisation.