A Short History of the Middle Ages is an affordable, succinct narrative overview of medieval history from c.300 to c.1500. Each chapter covers a "slice of time" and integrates culture, politics, art, economics, and social issues. Rosenwein places Europe in the context of the Islamic world and the Byzantine, Mongol, and Ottoman empires. The histories of women, Jews, and heretics are all important parts of this story.

A Short History's illustrations serve as an introduction to the history of medieval art and architecture, while its maps - many in color - provide a wordless panorama of political changes over time. Genealogies and lists of popes and other rulers are provided so that the book may serve as a handy reference tool.